A chain gang, in the American south 1905
The chain gang is an institution of its own, evolved from a simple idea: if the Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery, the prison system could quietly pick up where the plantations left off. And it did, with ruthless efficiency. Black men — overwhelmingly Black men — convicted of petty crimes, real or imagined, are now property of the state, leased out like equipment to build roads, clear swamps, or break rock.